7- and 8-letter words ending with the suffix -NESS with definitions
273 total entries across 2 section(s)
| FRONT | WORD | BACK | DEFINITION |
|---|---|---|---|
| R | APTNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being apt |
| — | BADNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being bad «very good» |
| — | BIGNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being big «of considerable size» |
| — | COYNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being coy «shy» |
| — | DIMNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being dim «obscure» |
| — | DRYNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being dry «having no moisture» |
| — | DUENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being owed |
| — | DULNESS | — | [n. -ES] · dullness «the state of being dull» / ----- { dullness dulness § dullnesses dulnesses } |
| — | DUNNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being dun «of a dull brown color» |
| — | FARNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being far off or apart |
| — | FATNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being fat «having an abundance of flesh» |
| — | FEWNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being few «amounting to or consisting of a small number» |
| — | FEYNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being fey «crazy» |
| — | FITNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being fit «healthy» |
| — | FULNESS | — | [n. -ES] · fullness «the state of being full» / ----- { fullness fulness § fullnesses fulnesses } |
| — | GAYNESS | — | [n. -ES] · gaiety «festive activity» |
| — | HARNESS | — | [v. -ED, -ING, -ES] · to put tackle on a draft animal |
| — | HIPNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being hip «aware of the most current styles and trends» |
| — | HOTNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being hot «having a high temperature» |
| — | ICINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being icy «covered with ice» |
| — | ILLNESS | — | [n. -ES] · sickness «the state of being sick» / ----- { illness sickness § illnesses sicknesses } |
| — | LAXNESS | — | [n. -ES] · laxity «the state of being lax» / ----- { laxity laxness § laxities laxnesses } |
| — | LIONESS | — | [n. -ES] · a female lion |
| S | LOWNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being low «having relatively little upward extension» |
| — | MADNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being mad «insane» |
| — | NEWNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being new «existing only a short time» |
| — | NOWNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of existing at the present time |
| — | ODDNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being odd «unusual» |
| BC | OLDNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being old «living or existing for a relatively long time» |
| DGL | ONENESS | — | [n. -ES] · unity «the state of being one single entity» / ----- { oneness unity § onenesses unities } |
| — | PATNESS | — | [n. -ES] · suitability «© the quality or state of being suitable; suitableness» |
| — | RAWNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being raw «uncooked» |
| — | REDNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being red «of the color of blood» |
| — | RUMNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality or state of being odd or peculiar |
| — | SADNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being sad «unhappy» |
| — | SHYNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being shy «timid» |
| — | SLYNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality or state of being sly |
| — | TWONESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being two |
| — | WAENESS | — | [n. -ES] · woeness «sadness» / ----- { waeness woeness § waenesses woenesses } |
| — | WANNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being wan |
| — | WETNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being wet «covered or saturated with a liquid» |
| — | WITNESS | — | [v. -ED, -ING, -ES] · to see or know by personal experience |
| — | WOENESS | — | [n. -ES] · sadness «the state of being sad» / ----- { waeness woeness § waenesses woenesses } |
| — | WRYNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being wry «contorted» |
| FRONT | WORD | BACK | DEFINITION |
|---|---|---|---|
| — | ACHINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being achy «aching» |
| — | ACIDNESS | — | [n. -ES] · acidity «sourness» / ----- { acidity acidness § acidities acidnesses } |
| — | AGEDNESS | — | [n. -ES] · oldness «the state of being old» |
| H | AIRINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being airy «having the nature of air» |
| — | ARCHNESS | — | [n. -ES] · slyness «the quality or state of being sly» |
| — | ARIDNESS | — | [n. -ES] · aridity «the state of being arid» / ----- { aridity aridness § aridities aridnesses } |
| T | ARTINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being arty / ----- { artiness artsiness § artinesses artsinesses } |
| W | ASHINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the condition of being ashy |
| — | AVIDNESS | — | [n. -ES] · avidity «the state of being avid» / ----- { avidity avidness § avidities avidnesses } |
| — | AWAYNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being distant |
| — | BALDNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being bald «lacking hair» |
| — | BARENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being bare «naked» |
| — | BARONESS | — | [n. -ES] · the wife of a baron / ----- { baroness baronne § baronesses baronnes } |
| — | BASENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being base «morally low» |
| — | BASSNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being low in pitch |
| — | BIASNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being slanted |
| — | BLUENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being blue «having the color of the clear sky» |
| — | BOLDNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being bold |
| — | BONINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being bony «full of bones» |
| — | BOXINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being boxy «resembling a box» |
| — | BUSINESS | — | [n. -ES] · an occupation, profession, or trade |
| — | BUSYNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being busy «occupied» |
| — | CAGINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being cagey / ----- { cageyness caginess § cageynesses caginesses } |
| — | CAKINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being caky «cakey» |
| — | CALMNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being calm «free from agitation» |
| — | CANONESS | — | [n. -ES] · a woman who lives according to a canon |
| — | CHICNESS | — | [n. -ES] · elegance «tasteful opulence» |
| — | COLDNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being cold «having little or no warmth» |
| — | COOLNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being cool «moderately cold» / ----- { coolness coolth § coolnesses coolths } |
| — | COSINESS | — | [n. -ES] · coziness «the state of being cozy» / ----- { cosiness coziness § cosinesses cozinesses } |
| — | COZINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being cozy «snug and comfortable» / ----- { cosiness coziness § cosinesses cozinesses } |
| — | CURTNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being curt |
| A | CUTENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being cute |
| — | DAFTNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being daft |
| — | DAMPNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being damp «moist» |
| — | DANKNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being dank «unpleasantly damp» |
| — | DARKNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being dark «having little or no light» |
| — | DEADNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being dead «deprived of life» |
| — | DEAFNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being deaf «lacking the sense of hearing» |
| — | DEARNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being dear «greatly loved» |
| — | DEEPNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being deep |
| — | DEFTNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being deft |
| — | DEMONESS | — | [n. -ES] · a female demon |
| — | DEWINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being dewy «moist with dew» |
| — | DIRENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being dire «disastrous» |
| — | DONENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being cooked enough |
| — | DOPINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being dopey «lethargic; stupid» |
| — | DOURNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being dour «sullen» |
| — | DOZINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being dozy «drowsy» |
| — | DRABNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being drab |
| — | DUDENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being a dude «a dandy» |
| — | DULLNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being dull «mentally slow» / ----- { dullness dulness § dullnesses dulnesses } |
| — | DUMBNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being dumb «incapable of speech» |
| — | EASINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being easy «not difficult» |
| — | EDGINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being edgy «tense, nervous, or irritable» |
| BL | EERINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being eerie «weird» |
| — | EVENNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being even «flat and smooth» |
| — | EVILNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being evil |
| — | EYEDNESS | — | [n. -ES] · preference for the use of one eye over the other |
| — | FAIRNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being fair |
| — | FASTNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being fast |
| — | FELLNESS | — | [n. -ES] · extreme cruelty |
| — | FINENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being fine |
| — | FIRMNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being firm «unyielding to pressure» |
| — | FLATNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being flat «having a smooth or even surface» |
| — | FONDNESS | — | [n. -ES] · affection «© the act of affecting or acting upon; the state of being affected» |
| — | FOULNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being foul «offensive to the senses» |
| — | FOXINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being foxy «crafty» |
| — | FOZINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being fozy «too ripe» |
| — | FREENESS | — | [n. -ES] · freedom «the state of being free» / ----- { freedom freeness § freedoms freenesses } |
| — | FULLNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being full «filled completely» / ----- { fullness fulness § fullnesses fulnesses } |
| — | GAMENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being game |
| — | GAMINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being gamy |
| — | GASTNESS | — | [n. -ES] · fright «to frighten» |
| — | GLADNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being glad «feeling pleasure» |
| — | GLEGNESS | — | [n. -ES] · alertness «© the quality of being alert or on the alert; briskness; nimbleness; activity» |
| — | GLIBNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being glib |
| — | GLUINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being gluey «resembling glue» / ----- { glueyness gluiness § glueynesses gluinesses } |
| — | GLUMNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being glum «being in low spirits» |
| — | GONENESS | — | [n. -ES] · a state of exhaustion |
| — | GOODNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being good «having positive or desirable qualities» |
| — | GORINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being gory «bloody» |
| — | GRAYNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being gray «of a color between white and black» / ----- { grayness greyness § graynesses greynesses } |
| — | GREYNESS | — | [n. -ES] · grayness «the state of being gray» / ----- { grayness greyness § graynesses greynesses } |
| — | GRIMNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being grim |
| — | HALENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being hale «healthy» |
| — | HALFNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being half |
| — | HARDNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being hard «firm and unyielding» |
| — | HAZINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being hazy «unclear» |
| — | HIGHNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being high «reaching far upward» |
| — | HOKINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being hokey «false; contrived» |
| — | HOLINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being holy «having a divine nature or origin» |
| — | HOMINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being homey / ----- { homeyness hominess § homeynesses hominesses } |
| — | HUGENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being huge |
| P | ICKINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being icky «repulsive» |
| — | IDLENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being idle «inactive» / ----- { idleness idlesse § idlenesses idlesses } |
| M | IFFINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being iffy «full of uncertainty» |
| K | INKINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being inky «resembling ink» |
| — | IRONNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being iron |
| — | JOKINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being jokey «amusing» |
| — | JUSTNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being just |
| — | KEENNESS | — | [n. -ES] · sharpness «© the quality or condition of being sharp; keenness; acuteness» |
| — | KINDNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being kind |
| — | LACINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being lacy |
| — | LADYNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality or state of being a lady |
| — | LAMENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being lame «physically disabled» |
| B | LANKNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being lank «long and slender» |
| — | LATENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being late «coming or occurring after the expected time» |
| G | LAZINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being lazy «disinclined toward work or exertion» |
| C | LEANNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being lean «having little fat» |
| — | LEWDNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being lewd «obscene» |
| A | LIKENESS | — | [n. -ES] · a pictorial representation |
| S | LIMINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being limy «resembling or containing lime» |
| — | LIMPNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being limp «lacking rigidity» |
| — | LITENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being lite «lower in calories or having less of some ingredient» |
| A | LIVENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being live «having life» / ----- { aliveness liveness § alivenesses livenesses } |
| — | LOGINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being logy «sluggish» |
| A | LONENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being lone «having no companions» |
| — | LONGNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being long «extending for a considerable distance» |
| — | LORNNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being lorn «abandoned» |
| — | LOSTNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being lost «not to be found or recovered» |
| — | LOUDNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being loud |
| FP | LUSHNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being lush «abounding in vegetation» |
| — | MALENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being a male |
| — | MATINESS | — | [n. -ES] · friendliness «© the condition or quality of being friendly» / ----- { mateyness matiness § mateynesses matinesses } |
| — | MAZINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being mazy |
| — | MEANNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being mean «inferior in grade, quality, or character» |
| — | MEEKNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being meek |
| — | MEETNESS | — | [n. -ES] · suitability «© the quality or state of being suitable; suitableness» |
| — | MILDNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being mild |
| — | MIRINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being miry «swampy» |
| — | MOOTNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being without legal significance |
| — | MOPINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being mopey «dejected» |
| — | MORENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being more |
| — | MUCHNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being great |
| — | MUTENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being mute «characterized by an absence of speech» / ----- { muteness mutism § mutenesses mutisms } |
| — | NAFFNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of lacking taste or style |
| — | NEARNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being near «situated within a short distance» |
| — | NEATNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being neat «being in a state of cleanliness and order» |
| — | NICENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being nice |
| — | NIGHNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being nigh «near» |
| — | NOSINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being nosy |
| — | NUDENESS | — | [n. -ES] · nudity «the state of being nude» / ----- { nudeness nudity § nudenesses nudities } |
| — | NUMBNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being numb «lacking sensation» |
| — | OAKINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality or state of being oaky |
| — | OILINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being oily «covered or soaked with oil» |
| BW | OOZINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being oozy «containing or resembling soft mud or slime» |
| — | OPENNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being open «affording unobstructed access, passage, or view» |
| — | OVALNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being oval / ----- { ovality ovalness § ovalities ovalnesses } |
| — | PACKNESS | — | [n. -ES] · intimacy «the state of being closely associated» |
| — | PALENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being pale / ----- { paleness pallor § palenesses pallors } |
| — | PASTNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being past or gone by |
| — | PERTNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being pert |
| — | PINKNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being pink «of a pale reddish hue» |
| — | PIPINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being pipy |
| — | PIXINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being playfully mischievous |
| — | POKINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being poky «slow» |
| — | POORNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being poor «lacking the means of support» |
| — | POSHNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being posh |
| — | PRIMNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being prim «formally precise or proper» |
| — | PUNINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being puny «of inferior size, strength, or significance» |
| — | PURENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being pure |
| — | RACINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being racy |
| F | RANKNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being rank «strong and disagreeable in odor or taste» |
| — | RAPTNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being rapt «deeply engrossed» |
| — | RARENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being rare / ----- { rareness rarity § rarenesses rarities } |
| B | RASHNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being rash «acting without due caution or forethought» |
| — | REALNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being real «having actual existence» |
| — | RICHNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being rich «having wealth» |
| — | RIFENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being rife «abundant» |
| G | RIMINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the condition of being rimy |
| — | RIPENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being ripe «fully developed» |
| — | ROPINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being ropy |
| P | ROSINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being rosy «rose-colored» |
| C | RUDENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being rude |
| — | SAFENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being safe |
| — | SAGENESS | — | [n. -ES] · wisdom «the power of true and right discernment» |
| — | SALTNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being salty «tasting of or containing salt» / ----- { saltiness saltness § saltinesses saltnesses } |
| — | SAMENESS | — | [n. -ES] · lack of change or variety |
| — | SANENESS | — | [n. -ES] · sanity «the state of being sane» / ----- { saneness sanity § sanenesses sanities } |
| — | SELFNESS | — | [n. -ES] · selfhood «the state of being an individual person» / ----- { selfdom selfhood selfness § selfdoms selfhoods selfnesses } |
| — | SEXINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality or state of being sexy |
| — | SICKNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being sick «affected with disease or ill health» / ----- { illness sickness § illnesses sicknesses } |
| — | SIZINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality or state of being sizy |
| A | SKEWNESS | — | [n. -ES] · lack of symmetry |
| — | SLIMNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being slim «slender» |
| — | SLOWNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being slow «moving with little speed» |
| — | SMUGNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality or state of being smug |
| — | SNUBNESS | — | [n. -ES] · bluntness «© want of edge or point; dullness; obtuseness; want of sharpness» |
| — | SNUGNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality or state of being snug |
| — | SOFTNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality or state of being soft |
| — | SOLENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being the only one |
| — | SORENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality or state of being sore |
| — | SOURNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality or state of being sour |
| — | SPRYNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality or state of being spry |
| — | SUCHNESS | — | [n. -ES] · essential or characteristic quality |
| — | SURENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being sure «free from doubt» / ----- { sureness surety § surenesses sureties } |
| — | TALLNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being tall «having great height» |
| — | TAMENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being tame «gentle or docile» |
| — | TARTNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being tart «having a sharp, sour taste» |
| — | TAUTNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being taut «fully stretched, so as not to be slack» |
| — | THINNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality or state of being thin |
| — | TIDINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being tidy «neat and orderly» |
| — | TININESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being tiny |
| — | TITANESS | — | [n. -ES] · a female titan |
| — | TRIGNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality or state of being trig |
| — | TRIMNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being trim «neat and orderly» |
| — | TRUENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality or state of being true |
| — | TWEENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being twee «affectedly cute or dainty» |
| — | UGLINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being ugly «displeasing to the sight» |
| — | VAINNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality or state of being vain |
| — | VASTNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality or state of being vast / ----- { vastitude vastity vastness § vastities vastitudes vastnesses } |
| — | VILENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being vile «physically repulsive» |
| — | VOIDNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality or state of being void |
| — | WARINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being wary «watchful» |
| — | WARMNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being warm «moderately hot» / ----- { warmness warmth § warmnesses warmths } |
| — | WAVINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being wavy «having waves» |
| — | WAXINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being waxy |
| — | WEAKNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being weak «lacking strength» |
| — | WELLNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being healthy |
| — | WHATNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the true nature of something |
| — | WIDENESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being wide «having great extent from side to side» |
| — | WILDNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being wild «living in a natural state» |
| — | WILINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being wily |
| — | WIRINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality of being wiry |
| — | WISENESS | — | [n. -ES] · wisdom «the power of true and right discernment» / ----- { wisdom wiseness § wisdoms wisenesses } |
| — | WOKENESS | — | †! [n.] The quality or state of being woke. |
| — | WORNNESS | — | [n. -ES] · the state of being worn «affected by wear or use» |
| — | ZANINESS | — | [n. -ES] · the quality or state of being zany |
Copyright © 2026 Mitch Bayersdorfer · AGPL-3.0 · Thanks to Joe Petree for his definitions for these lists. · Detailed Attributions