# Attributions and License Notices

**Dictionary version:** 27

This document lists the sources used to produce the dictionary and any lists
associated with them.  This file must be kept with any of these lists and
provided if these documents are posted elsewhere.
---

## 1. WOW24 — WGPO Official Words 2024

**Role in this project:** Primary word list (195,383 words), front/back hooks,
and probability-factor scores.

**Source:** Word Game Players Organization (WGPO)
- Official page: <https://wordgameplayers.org/wgpo-official-words/>
- Distribution file: `WOW24v3.zip`, hosted by Tyler Hosting / Hoot
  - Downloads page: <https://www.tylerhosting.com/hoot/downloads.html#databases>
  - Direct URL: <https://www.tylerhosting.com/hoot/downloads/WOW24v3.zip>

**License (verbatim from the WOW24v3.txt file header):**
> WOW24 may be used and shared freely as long as it's not for profit.

**Attribution:** WGPO (Word Game Players Organization), <https://wordgameplayers.org>

---

## 2. Petree Extended Free Zyzzyva Dictionary (OWL2.1, 2016)

**Role in this project:** Primary source of definitions, part-of-speech blocks,
inflection tables, and polyorth (alternate-spelling) groups.

**Author:** Joe Petree

**Description:** An extended version of the Free Zyzzyva dictionary created and
distributed within the competitive Scrabble community. Definitions are formatted
with inflections and part-of-speech labels, and include polyorth groups for
variant spellings. The help file describes it as "The extended Free Zyzzyva
dictionary" with "numerous changes and additions" beyond the standard dictionary.

**Filename:** `Petree-OWL2.1.txt`

**Known definition sources within this file:**
- Definitions marked with `©` are taken from the **Project Gutenberg Etext of
  Webster's Unabridged 1913 Dictionary**, which is in the public domain.
- Definitions marked with `+` were generated programmatically.
- Remaining definitions are authored by Joe Petree or derived from the Zyzzyva
  community.

**Definition source markers in the unified output:**
- `©` — from Webster's Unabridged 1913 (Petree convention, public domain)
- `+` — programmatically generated (Petree convention)
- `†` (U+2020 DAGGER) — definition derived from Wiktionary source text and
  summarised/reformatted by Claude Sonnet (`claude-sonnet-4-5`);
  released under CC BY-SA 4.0
- *(no marker)* — authored by Joe Petree

**License:** Custom personal permission granted by Joe Petree (March 2026).
Verbatim conditions:

> "I hereby grant you permission to publish or disseminate any of the information
> I have sent, with the following conditions:
> 1. that it not be SEVERELY altered.
> 2. that my name, Joseph Petree, shall be added to the AA record of the
>    definitions file.
> Secondly, please give my advance notice of your publication, not that that is
> real important."

---

## 3. Wiktionary (definitions for words absent from Petree)

**Role in this project:** Supplementary definitions for the ~7,157 WOW24 words
that lack a Petree entry or have a blank Petree definition. Definitions are
fetched via the Wiktionary REST API.

**Source:** English Wiktionary, maintained by Wikimedia Foundation contributors
- Website: <https://en.wiktionary.org>
- API endpoint used:
  `https://en.wiktionary.org/api/rest_v1/page/definition/{word}`

**License:** CC BY-SA 4.0 — Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
International (and GFDL as dual-license option).
- License text: <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode>
- Wiktionary copyright page: <https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Copyrights>

**Attribution (required by CC BY-SA 4.0):**
> Definitions sourced from Wiktionary contributors,
> <https://en.wiktionary.org>, licensed under
> CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/>.

**Processing:** Raw Wiktionary definitions were summarized and reformatted into
terse Petree-style entries by Claude Sonnet (Anthropic, `claude-sonnet-4-5`). 
The AI-generated output was derived solely from the Wiktionary source text and general linguistic
knowledge, and is released under the same CC BY-SA 4.0 license as the source.

**ShareAlike obligation:** Because Wiktionary content is CC BY-SA 4.0, any
output file that incorporates Wiktionary definitions must itself be distributed
under CC BY-SA 4.0 or a compatible license.

---

## 4. kaikki.fi / wiktextract (if local Wiktionary dump is used)

**Role in this project:** Optional faster alternative to live Wiktionary API
calls, via the `--wiktionary-dump` flag (if implemented). The kaikki.fi JSONL
file is a pre-parsed extraction of English Wiktionary.

**Source:** kaikki.org, maintained by Tatu Ylonen
- Data download page: <https://kaikki.org/dictionary/English/>
- Raw data page: <https://kaikki.org/dictionary/rawdata.html>

**Data license:** CC BY-SA (same as Wiktionary — the extraction inherits the
source license).

**Tool license:** The wiktextract extraction tool is MIT licensed.
- GitHub: <https://github.com/tatuylonen/wiktextract>
- Copyright © 2018–2020 Tatu Ylonen

**Attribution:**
> Dictionary data from kaikki.org (Tatu Ylonen), extracted from Wiktionary,
> licensed under CC BY-SA <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/>.

**Academic citation (if applicable):**
> Tatu Ylonen: *Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data*,
> Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation
> (LREC), pp. 1317–1325, Marseille, 20–25 June 2022.
> <http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2022/pdf/2022.lrec-1.140.pdf>

---

## 5. Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913 (Project Gutenberg)

**Role in this project:** Some definitions in the Petree file are marked with
`©` indicating they originate from this source (distinct from copyright — the
`©` symbol is Petree's marker for "from Project Gutenberg Webster's").

**Source:** Project Gutenberg Etext of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
- <https://www.gutenberg.org>

**License:** Public domain in the United States (published before 1928).
No attribution required, but this provenance is noted for completeness.

---

## 6. NASPA Zyzzyva (target application)

**Role in this project:** This project has a word list file specifically formatted for import
into Zyzzyva. The format, conventions (tab-separated `WORD\tDEFINITION`,
`< ROOT,` prefix, `/`-separated definition sections), and special symbols used
in this dictionary follow Zyzzyva conventions as a custom dictionary.  

**Application:** NASPA Zyzzyva, Version 3.4.1
**Publisher:** North American Word Game Players Association (NASPA Games)
**Copyright:** © 2005–2023 North American Word Game Players Association,
D/B/A NASPA Games. All rights reserved.
**Home page:** <https://www.scrabbleplayers.org/zyzzyva/>
**Contact:** zyzzyva@scrabbleplayers.org

*Note: Zyzzyva is not a data source for this pipeline. It is credited here
because the output format is tailored to it and users will need it to view
the dictionary.*

---

## 7. OSPD Polyorths — Amit Chakrabarti

**Role in this project:** Source list of polyorthographic (alternate-spelling)
word groups, used as one of the inputs to the polyorth consolidation pipeline
(`pipeline_inputs/OSPD-Polyorths.txt`).

**Source:**  Amit Chakrabarti
- <https://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~ac/Scrab/polyorth.html>

**License:** No explicit license stated on the page. Used here for non-commercial
Scrabble study purposes. Attribution provided as a courtesy.


## 8. Topic lists
I thank Rebecca Slivka and the Seattle Scrabble Club for their idea of having
topical Scrabble lists, and for the ideas for many of the lists included on 
the Portland Scrabble Club website.  

---

## 9. Anamonics — NWL2023 Collection

**Role in this project:** The NASPA Anamonics site is used as the original 
source of many of the anamonics in this project.  These pages show the
top-ranked 6–7 letter stems, each expanded with one-letter extensions, back
hooks, and WOW24 definitions.

**Source:** NASPA (North American Scrabble Players Association)
- Page: <https://www.scrabbleplayers.org/anamonics/nwl2023/anamonics.shtml>

**History:** In the early 1990s, Nick Ballard organized the first drive to coin
anamonics for high-probability stems, publishing collections in his journal
*Medleys* and elsewhere. John Chew collected and published anamonics online for
a decade starting in the late 1990s; his collection was transferred to NASPA
in 2025.

**Contributors** (author name, number of anamonics):
These are the contributors listed on the NASPA Anamonics site.  Note that many of 
the anamonics in this project have been changed from the original.
| Author               | Anamonics |
|----------------------|----------:|
| Kenji Matsumoto      |       284 |
| Robert Gage          |       142 |
| Mic Barron           |       130 |
| Dean Cullen          |        53 |
| Scott Pianowski      |        42 |
| Doug Riblet          |        31 |
| John Chew            |        28 |
| Andrew Gaertner      |        27 |
| Wolf Hass            |        20 |
| Noah Kanter          |        17 |
| Daniel Stock         |        14 |
| Ron McGill           |        13 |
| John O'Laughlin      |        12 |
| Michael L. Wilson    |        11 |
| John Terrell         |        10 |
| Shannon Burns        |         9 |
| Jeff Myers           |         9 |
| Jim Kramer           |         8 |
| Steven Alexander     |         6 |
| Dan Stock            |         6 |
| John Babina III      |         5 |
| Jonn Dalton          |         5 |
| Michel Demers        |         5 |
| Bill Huttel          |         4 |
| Gary Russell         |         4 |
| Evan Berofsky        |         3 |
| Darin True           |         3 |
| Dylan Early          |         3 |
| Jeff Kesner          |         3 |
| Aaron Long           |         2 |
| Aaron Mandel         |         1 |
| Allen Fountain       |         2 |
| Brian Galebach       |         1 |
| Chazz Brown          |         1 |
| David Boys           |         1 |
| David Pearl          |         1 |
| David Stone          |         2 |
| Edward Gowash        |         1 |
| Frank Kashuk         |         1 |
| Geoff Thevenot       |         1 |
| Greg Edwards         |         1 |
| James Cherry         |         1 |
| Jeremy Jeffers       |         1 |
| Jerry Hedden         |         1 |
| Joel Horn            |         1 |
| John Luebkemann      |         1 |
| John Van Pelt        |         1 |
| Lester Schonbrun     |         1 |
| Linda Bredel         |         1 |
| Lynda Finn           |         1 |
| Max Panitch          |         1 |
| Michael Wilson       |         2 |
| Nathan James         |         1 |
| Noreen Kenny         |         1 |
| Paul Collins         |         2 |
| Phil Kretschman      |         2 |
| Randall Thomas       |         2 |
| Ray Wong             |         1 |
| Rich Baker           |         1 |
| Rick Wong            |         1 |
| S. Spencer Sun       |         1 |
| Steve Dennis         |         2 |
| Tony Clifton         |         1 |
| Tony Leah            |         1 |
| William Snoddy       |         2 |

**License:** No explicit license stated. The anamonics collection is published
by NASPA for community use. Used here for non-commercial Scrabble study
purposes. Attribution provided to all contributors as listed above.

---

## License Summary and Compatibility Notes

| Source          | License                      | ShareAlike? | Commercial use?         |
|----------------|------------------------------|-------------|-------------------------|
| WOW24          | "Free for non-profit"        | No          | No                      |
| Petree OWL2.1  | Custom personal permission   | N/A         | No                      |
| Wiktionary     | CC BY-SA 4.0                 | Yes         | Yes                     |
| kaikki.fi data | CC BY-SA 4.0                 | Yes         | Yes                     |
| Webster's 1913 | Public domain                | No          | Yes                     |
| OSPD Polyorths | No license stated            | —           | Non-commercial          |
| Anamonics      | No license stated            | —           | Non-commercial          |
| **This output**| **CC BY-SA 4.0**             | **Yes**     | **No (WOW24 terms)**    |

Released under: **CC BY-SA 4.0**
Creative Commons Attribution – ShareAlike 4.0 International

License text: <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/>

**Additional non-commercial restriction (WOW24):**
This work incorporates WOW24 content, which may only be used and shared for
non-profit purposes per WGPO terms ("WOW24 may be used and shared freely as
long as it's not for profit"). This restriction applies independently of the
CC BY-SA 4.0 license. Users must comply with both: the CC BY-SA 4.0 terms
*and* the WOW24 non-profit restriction. Petree's personal permission grant is
likewise limited to non-commercial use.

---

## Trademark Notice

Scrabble™ is a trademark of Hasbro, Inc. in the US and Canada. No affiliation
with Hasbro is intended or implied and this does not constitute an endorsement
of any kind.
